發(fā)布時(shí)間：2022-03-12 09:46:10
序言：寫作是分享個(gè)人見解和探索未知領(lǐng)域的橋梁，我們?yōu)槟x了8篇的英文合同樣本，期待這些樣本能夠?yàn)槟峁┴S富的參考和啟發(fā)，請(qǐng)盡情閱讀。
關(guān)鍵詞：英文合同 翻譯 結(jié)構(gòu) 詞語特點(diǎn)
綜述：
在英文合同翻譯中，前提條件是弄懂合同的定義，包括合同中應(yīng)有的基本要素，下面就從合同的定義著手，并提出一些在英文合同翻譯中應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)，筆者對(duì)英文合同作了以下論述：
第一，英文合同的定義
1.在英文中，合同一般稱為Contract或者Agreement。
1999年中國《合同法》第二條將contract定義為：A contract in this Law refers to an agreement establishing， modifying and terminating the civil rights and obligations between subjects of equal footing， that is， between natural persons， legal persons or other organizations”。根據(jù)這一定義，合同平等主體之間設(shè)立的確定民事權(quán)利和義務(wù)的協(xié)議。
Steven H. Gifts編著的“Law Dictionary”中將contract 定義為“Contract is a promise，or a set of promises，for breach of which the law gives remedy，or the performance of the which the law in some way recognize as a duty.”根據(jù)這一定義，合同是一種承諾，違反承諾可以得到法律救助，某種意義上法律將履行該承諾看作是一種補(bǔ)償。
2. 合同的成立必須具備幾個(gè)主要因素。
它們（要約和承諾構(gòu)成的）由協(xié)議、約因、設(shè)立法律關(guān)系的愿望和締約能力四大部分組成。
L.B Curzon編著的“A Diction of Law”提到：“Contract generally involves”
1. offer and absolute and unqualified acceptance (要約和絕對(duì)接受)
2. consensus ad idem (意思表示一致，也叫meeting of minds)
3. intention to create legal relations (建立合同關(guān)系的意愿)
4. genuineness of consent (同意的真實(shí)性)
5. contractual capacity of the parties (合同當(dāng)事人的締約能力)
6. legality of object(標(biāo)的物的合法性)
7. possibility of performance (履行的可能性)
8. certainty of terms(條款的確定性)
9. valuable consideration(等價(jià)有償)
第二，英文合同的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)
合同類法律文件用以規(guī)定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利與義務(wù)，是預(yù)防與解決爭議的依據(jù)。合同英語行文縝密而準(zhǔn)確，歷史悠久，深含法律文化底蘊(yùn)。
中文的合同開頭一般先羅列當(dāng)事人的名稱、姓名、住所或營業(yè)場所，然后是合同正文，結(jié)尾是當(dāng)事人印章、授權(quán)代表簽字、職務(wù)及簽字日期。而英語合同一般以下面這類句式為開頭：
This agreement/contract is made and entered in to this ______day of______(month)，______(year) by and between Party A (hereinafter called “ Party A ”)and Party B(hereinafter called “ Party B ”)
然后是開始陳述：
WHEREAS...THEREFORE
... It is hereby agreed as follows:
或以：
WITNESSETH， WHEREAS...
NOW THEREFORE， for and in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:
接著是正文，最后是證明部分：
IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties hereto have hereunto set their hands the day and years first above written.
隨后還包括當(dāng)事人和見證人的簽字。簽字日期一般在英文合同里搬弄是非是找不到的。
第三，英文合同翻譯的用詞特點(diǎn)(formal term)
合同英語的用詞極其考究，具有特定性。要求選詞專業(yè)化（professional）、正式（formal）、準(zhǔn)確（accurate）。具體體現(xiàn)在下列方面：
1． may，shall，must，may not(或shall not)的使用；may，shall， must，may not (或shall not)對(duì)學(xué)過英語的人來說再熟悉不過了，但在合同中用這些詞時(shí)要極其謹(jǐn)慎。
權(quán)利義務(wù)的約定部分構(gòu)成了合同的主體。這幾個(gè)詞如選用不當(dāng)，可能會(huì)引起糾紛。
may旨在約定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利（可以做什么），shall約定當(dāng)事人的義務(wù)（應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么時(shí)候），must用于強(qiáng)制性義務(wù)（必須做什么），may not (或shall not)用于禁止性義務(wù)（不得做什么）。may do不能說成can do，shall do，不能說成should do或ought to do， may not do，在美國一些法律文件里可以用shall not，但絕不能用can not do或must not)，例如，在約定解決爭議的途徑時(shí)，可以說：
The parties here to shall， first of all， settle any dispute arising from or in connection with the contract by friendly negotiations.
Should such negotiations fail， such dispute may be referred to the People’s Court having jurisdiction on such dispute for settlement in the absence of any arbitration clause in the disputed contract or in default of agreement reached after such dispute occurs.
本句中的shall和may表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。出現(xiàn)爭議后應(yīng)當(dāng)先行協(xié)商，所以采用了義務(wù)性“約定”，如果協(xié)商解決不了，作為當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利，用選擇性約定may也很妥當(dāng)。如果may和shall調(diào)換位置會(huì)怎么樣？前半句的shall換用may后，意思變成了當(dāng)事人可以通過協(xié)商解決，意思上說得過去，但后半句的may換用shall后，變成了應(yīng)當(dāng)訴訟解決，好像一出事，就要先見官，這就有些不友好了。
本句可譯：雙方首先應(yīng)通過友好協(xié)商，解決因合同而發(fā)生的或與合同有關(guān)的爭議。如果協(xié)商未果，合同中又無仲裁條款約定或爭議發(fā)生后未就仲裁達(dá)成共識(shí)的，可將爭議提交給有管轄權(quán)的人民法院解決。
2．正式用語（formal term）
合同英語有著嚴(yán)肅的風(fēng)格，與其它英語作品有著很大不同之處。
例如：
“因?yàn)椤钡亩陶Z多用“by virtue of ”，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)多于“due to”，一般不用“because of ”；
“財(cái)務(wù)年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”；
“在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”；
“關(guān)于”常用“as regards”，“concerning”或“relating to”，而不會(huì)用“about”；
“事實(shí)上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”；
“開始”用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin”；
“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”；
“何時(shí)開會(huì)并由某某主持”的表述為：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb.
“其他事項(xiàng)”用“miscellaneous”，而不用“other matters/events”；
“理解合同”用“construe a contract”或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”;
“認(rèn)為”用“deem”，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”；
3.用詞專業(yè)（technical terms）
合同用詞不以大眾是否理解和接受為轉(zhuǎn)移，它是合同語言準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的保障。如合同出現(xiàn)的“瑕疵”、“救濟(jì)”、“不可抗力”、“管轄”、“損毀”、“滅失”等就可能讓非行業(yè)人士費(fèi)解，用以上英語表達(dá)分別為defect，remedy，force majeure /Act of God，jurisdiction，damage and/or loss。另外幾乎每個(gè)合同都少不了hereinafter referred to as ，such... as ，whereas， in witness whereof， for and on behalf of ， hereby， thereof 等虛詞，就其中幾個(gè)細(xì)說：
比如：
1. Hereby: by means of; by reason of this之意，即特此，因此，茲等意。常用于法律文件、合同協(xié)議的正式文件的開頭語，在條款中需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)也可用。舉原文說明，如：The Employer hereby covenants to pay the Contractor in consideration of the execution and completion of the Works and the remedying of defects therein the Contract Price or such other sum as may become payable under the provisions of the Contract at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Contract. 文中：
hereby意為 by reason of this，特此的意思。
therein意為in the Works在本工程中。
such...as是關(guān)系代詞，相當(dāng)于that， which，把要限定的詞置于such與as之間使要限定的名詞十分明確，避免合同雙方在理解上發(fā)生爭議。
其它的還有：
“賠償”用“indemnities”，而不用“compensation”
“不動(dòng)產(chǎn)轉(zhuǎn)讓”用“conveyance”，而不用“transfer of real estate”
“房屋出租”用“tenancy”，而“財(cái)產(chǎn)出租”用“l(fā)ease of property”
“停業(yè)”用“wind up a business”或“cease (名詞是cessation) a business”，而不用“end/stop a business”。
還款或?qū)＠暾?qǐng)的“寬限期”英文為“grace”，
“當(dāng)事人在破產(chǎn)中的和解”用“composition”
“依照合同相關(guān)規(guī)定”一般說成“pursuant to provisions contained herein”或“as provided herein”等，不說成“according to relevant terms and conditions in the contract”。
“合同任何一方當(dāng)事人不得轉(zhuǎn)讓本合同”英文表述為“Neither party hereto may assign this contract”，其中“hereto”表示“to the contract”，選用“Neither party to the contract”較少。
4．同義詞、近義詞、相關(guān)詞的序列
FOR value RECEIVED，the undersigned does hereby sell， transfer， assign and set over to _____all his right， tile and interest in and to a certain contract dated_____， 19 _____by and between the undersigned and _____，a copy of which is annexed hereto.
在這里的同義詞和近義詞并列（如sell， transfer， assign and set over，right和 tile and interest），在英文合同里十分普遍。這是出于嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和杜絕漏洞的考慮，有的也屬于合同用語的固定模式。如：
This agreement is made and entered into by and between Party A and Party B.句中“made and entered into”和“by and between”兩組分別屬于同義詞和相關(guān)詞并列。
For and in consideration of mutual covenants and agreements contained herein， the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows: 句中“for and in consideration of ”， “covenants and agreements”三組同義司和近義詞并列。
The parties have agreed to vary the Management on the terms and subject to the conditions contained herein. 這里的“on the terms”和“subject to the conditions”是一個(gè)意思，都表示“依照本協(xié)議的條款規(guī)定”。合同條款的固定模式是“terms and conditions”
再例如：“Party A wishes to be released and discharged from agreement as from the effective date”，一句中的“release”和“discharge”的意思幾乎相同。
并列的詞還有：
ships and vessels
support and maintenance
licenses and permits
charges， fees， costs and expenses
any and all
any duties， obligations or liabilities
the partners， their heirs， successors and assigns
第四，英文合同翻譯中的注意事項(xiàng)
實(shí)踐證明，英文合同中容易出現(xiàn)差錯(cuò)的地方，一般來說不是大的陳述性條款，而恰恰是一些關(guān)鍵的細(xì)目。比如：金錢、時(shí)間、數(shù)量等。為了避免出差錯(cuò)，在英譯合同時(shí)，常常使用一些有限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)來界定細(xì)目所指定的確切范圍。
A. 限定責(zé)任 眾所周知，合同中要明確規(guī)定雙方的責(zé)任。為英譯出雙方責(zé)任的權(quán)限與范圍，常常使用連詞和介詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)?，F(xiàn)把最常用的此類結(jié)構(gòu)舉例說明如下。
1.1 and/or常用 and/or 英譯合同中“甲和乙+甲或乙”的內(nèi)容，這樣就可避免漏譯其中的一部分。
例1：如果上述貨物對(duì)船舶和（或）船上其它貨物造成任何損害，托運(yùn)人應(yīng)負(fù)全責(zé)。
The shipper shall be liable for all damage caused by such goods to the ship and/or cargo on board.
1.2 by and between
常用by and between強(qiáng)調(diào)合同是由“雙方”簽訂的，因此雙方必須嚴(yán)格履行合同的責(zé)任。例2：買賣雙方同意按下述條款購買出售下列商品并簽訂本合同。
This Contract is made by and between the Buyer and the Seller，whereby the Buyer agrees to buy and the Seller agrees to sell the undermentioned commodity subject to the terms and conditions stipulated below.
B. 限定時(shí)間英譯與時(shí)間有關(guān)的文字，都應(yīng)非常嚴(yán)格慎重地處理，因?yàn)楹贤瑢?duì)時(shí)間的要求是準(zhǔn)確無誤。所以英譯起止時(shí)間時(shí)，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來限定準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。
2.1 雙介詞 用雙介詞英譯含當(dāng)天日期在內(nèi)的起止時(shí)間。
例3:自9月20日起，甲方已無權(quán)接受任何定單或收據(jù)。
Party A shall be unauthorized to accept any orders or to collect any account on and after September 20.
例4：我公司的條件是，3個(gè)月內(nèi)，即不得晚于5月1日，支付現(xiàn)金。
Our terms are cash within three months， i.e. on or before May 1.3.2.2 not (no) later than用“not (no) later than +日期”英譯“不遲于某月某日”。
例5：本合同簽字之日一個(gè)月內(nèi)，即不遲于12月15日，你方須將貨物裝船。
Party B shall ship the goods within one month of the date of signing this Contract， i.e. not later than December 15.
2.2 include的相應(yīng)形式
常用include的相應(yīng)形式：inclusive、including和included來限定含當(dāng)日在內(nèi)的時(shí)間。
例6：本證在北京議付，有效期至1月1日。
This credit expires till January 1(inclusive) for negotiation in Beijing. (or This credit expires till and including January 1 for negotiation in Beijing.) 如果不包括1月1日在內(nèi)，英譯為till and not including January 1。
3.1 大寫文字重復(fù)金額英譯金額須在小寫之后，在括號(hào)內(nèi)用大寫文字重復(fù)該金額，即使原文合同中沒有大寫，英譯時(shí)也必須加上大寫。在大寫文字前加上“SAY”，意為“大寫”；在最后加上“ONLY”意思為“整”。必須注意：小寫與大寫的金額數(shù)量要一致。例7：聘方須每月付給受聘方美元500元整。
Party A shall pay Party B a monthly salary of US $ 500 (SAY FIVE HUNDRED US DOLLARS ONLY).
3.2. 正確使用貨幣符號(hào)
英譯金額必須注意區(qū)分和正確使用各種不同的貨幣名稱符號(hào)?！?”既可代表“美元”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣；而“￡”不僅代表“英鎊”，又可代表其他某些地方的貨幣。必須注意：當(dāng)金額用數(shù)字書寫時(shí)，金額數(shù)字必須緊靠貨幣符號(hào)，例如：Can $891，568，不能寫成：Can $ 891，568。另外，翻譯時(shí)還要特別注意金額中是小數(shù)點(diǎn)(.)還是分節(jié)號(hào)(，)，因?yàn)檫@兩個(gè)符號(hào)極易引起筆誤，稍有疏忽，其后果是不堪設(shè)想的。
綜上所述，本文從英文合同的定義、結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)、以及從英文合同翻譯的用詞特點(diǎn)、注意事項(xiàng)等四個(gè)方面著手，使我們對(duì)合同自身的特點(diǎn)有了一定的了解，包括其構(gòu)成的基本要素，在翻譯過程中容易疏忽之處；從而為更好地做好英文合同翻譯打下基礎(chǔ)，并使我們?cè)诤贤g中能夠得心應(yīng)手。
參考文獻(xiàn)：
［1］邱建芳.中國加入WTO與涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)合同的翻譯［J］.社會(huì)科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(增刊)，2000，82.
［2］傅偉良.英文合同寫作指要［M］.北京：商務(wù)印分館國際有限公司，2002.
［3］葛亞軍，齊恩平.合同英語［M］.天津：科技翻譯出版公司，2002.
［4］［6］李正中.國際經(jīng)貿(mào)英漢翻譯.北京中國國際廣播出版社，1997.
Sales and Purchase ContractFOR
Manganese Ore
This contract is made and entered into onXX, Febunder terms and conditions as per the international chamber of commerce-600 (ICC UCP-600/2007 revision) by and between:
The Buyer:
Address:
Tel:
The Seller :
Address:
Tel:
Whereby seller agrees to sell to buyer and Buyer agrees to buy from seller Manganese Ore under following the terms and conditions stipulated below:
Article 1 Commodity
Concentrated manganese Ore
Article 2 Specifications
Concentrated Manganese Ore
Size: 0-5mm (90% min)
% Mn min. 40.0%
% Fe max. 15.0%
% Silica ( SiO2 ) max. 1.0%
% Aluminum ( Al ) max. 4.0%
% S max. 0.20%
% P max. 0.10%
Moisture max. 7%
Article 3 Quantity:
500 MT, partial shipment not allowed.
Article 4 Origin and Port of loading
4.1 Republic of ABC
4.2 Loading port:
Article 5 Packing/Delivery
5.1 In50 kg sack
5.2 Incontainer Shipment, more or less 20 tons.
Article 6 Shipment/Delivery
6.1 500MT(+/-5%)partial shipment not allowed
6.2 Shipment will be 90 days after signing of this contract and after the acceptance of the Letter of Credit by seller’s bank. L/C will be openedafter BuyerreceivingProforma Invoice from Sellerwith confirmation of the delivery schedule.
6.3 The Buyer has the right to appoint the independent surveyor or his representative to conduct the Pre-shipment Inspection and/or conduct the joint-inspection of the material with buyer for his own account.
Article 7 Contracted Price and Values
Price:Mn: 48% and above - USD0.00/%/DMTCFRCY Port, China
40% - 47.9% - USD 0.00 /%/DMTCFRCY Port, China
The Mn content will be average of the joint-inspection testing result at loading port.
Article 8 Payment
8.1 Payment shall be effected in full by an irrevocable Letter of Credit, which will be opened by 1stclass bank in Hong Kong or Singapore, 100% at sight upon presentation of shipping documents.
A. Seller’s Banking Details:
Bank Name :
Bank Address :
Account Name :
S.W.I.F.T. CODE SWIFT :
B. Buyer’s bank issues L/C to the Seller's bank via S.W.I.F.T. wire transfer.
Buyer’s Banking Details:
Bank Name : (will be advised)
Bank Address :
Account Name:
S.W.I.F.T. Address SWIFT :
Article 10 Inspection of Analysis & Weight
The shipmentinspection and analysis shall be done byCCICappointed by the Seller and one independent surveyor (i.e.: SGS or Geo-Chem, etc) appointed by the buyeras agreed by both parties at site before loading to container. While final weightand qualitydetermination shall be done atloadingportby the above joint-survey.Moisture content shall be deducted from the total weight shipped.
Article 11 Documents
Seller shall present the following documents to the buyer:
A. Signed Commercial Invoice for 100% of the total cargo value indicating, quantity, unit price and the total Amount of Value of the delivered commodity , 1 original and 3 copies.
B. Certificates of quantity, quality and weight issued byCCICand one independent surveyor appointed by the buyer.
C. Certificate of Origin issued by ABC Department Of Trade or concerned Government authorities, I original and 2 copies.
D. Weight List, showing total weight , 1 original and 3 copies.
E. Bill of Lading, 3 original copies and 3 non-negotiable copies.
Article 12 Force Majeure
The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due to Force Majeureunder UCP 600. The seller shall advise the buyer immediately of the occurrence mentioned above and within 3 days thereafter the seller shall send a notice by courier to the buyer of their acceptance of a certificate of the accident issued by the local chamber of commerce under whose jurisdiction the accident occurs as evidence thereof. Under such circumstances the seller , however, are still under obligation to take all necessary measures to hasten the delivery of the goods. In case the accident lasts for more than 60 days the buyer shall have the right to cancel the Contract.
Article 13 Arbitration
All disputes arising out of or in connection with this Contract shall be finally resolved by arbitration in accordance with the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce (UCP-600/2007 or Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits) by one or more arbitrators appointed in accordance with the said rules. The arbitration shall be conducted in ABCbythe English language.
NO：_________
日期：_________
Date：_________
為在平等互利的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展貿(mào)易，有關(guān)方按下列條件簽訂本協(xié)議：
This Agreement is entered into between the parties concerned on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to develop bussiness on terms and conditions mutually agreed upon as follows:
1．訂約人
Contracting Parties
供貨人（以下稱甲方）：_________
Supplier（hereinafter called “party A”）:_________
銷售人（以下稱乙方）：_________
Agent（hereinafter called “party B”）:_________
甲方委托乙方為銷售人，推銷下列商品。
Party A hereby appoint Party B to act as his selling agent to sell the commodity mentioned below.
2．商品名稱及數(shù)量或金額
Commodity and Quantity or Amount
雙方約定，乙方在協(xié)議有效期內(nèi)， 銷售不少于_________的商品。
It is mutually agreed that Party B shall undertake to sell not less than _________ of the aforesaid commodity in the duration of this Agreement。
3．經(jīng)銷地區(qū)
Territory
只限在_________。
In _________ only.
4．訂單的確認(rèn)
Confirmation of Orders
本協(xié)議所規(guī)定商品的數(shù)量、價(jià)格及裝運(yùn)條件等，應(yīng)在每筆交易中確認(rèn)，其細(xì)目應(yīng)在雙方簽訂的銷售協(xié)議書中作出規(guī)定。
The quantities， prices and shipments of the commodities stated in this Agreement shall be confirmed in each transaction， the particulars of which are to be specified in the Sales Confirmation signed by the two parties hereto.
5．付款
Payment
訂單確認(rèn)之后，乙方須按照有關(guān)確認(rèn)書所規(guī)定的時(shí)間開立以甲方為受益人的保兌的、不可撤銷的即期信用證。乙方開出信用證后，應(yīng)立即通知甲方，以便甲方準(zhǔn)備交貨。
After confirmation of the order， Party B shall arrange to open a confirmed， irrevocable L/C available by draft at sight in favour of Party A within the time stipulated in the relevant S/C. Party B shall also notify Party A immediately after L/C is opened so that Party A can get prepared for delivery.
6．傭金
Commission
在本協(xié)議期滿時(shí)，若乙方完成了第二款所規(guī)定的數(shù)額，甲方應(yīng)按裝運(yùn)貨物所收到的發(fā)票累計(jì)總金額付給乙方_________％的傭金。
Upon the expiration of the Agreement and Party B's fullfilment of the total turnover mentioned in Article 2， Party A shall pay to Party B _________% commission on the basis of the aggregate amount of the invoice value against the shipments effected.
7．市場情況報(bào)告
Reports on Market Conditions
乙方每3個(gè)月向甲方提供一次有關(guān)當(dāng)時(shí)市場情況和用戶意見的詳細(xì)報(bào)告。同時(shí)，乙方應(yīng)隨時(shí)向甲方提供其他供應(yīng)商的類似商品樣品及其價(jià)格、銷售情況和廣告資料。
Party B shall forward once every three months to party A detailed reports on current market conditions and of consumers' comments. Meanwhile， Party B shall，from time to time， send to party A samples of similar commodities offered by other suppliers， together with their prices， sales information and advertising materials.
8．宣傳廣告費(fèi)用
Advertising & Publicity Expenses
在本協(xié)議有效期內(nèi)，乙方在上述經(jīng)銷地區(qū)所作廣告宣傳的一切費(fèi)用，由乙方自理。乙方須事先向甲方提供宣傳廣告的圖案及文字說明，由甲方審閱同意。
Party B shall bear all expenses for advertising and publicity within the aforementioned territory in the duration of this Agreement and submit to Party A all patterns and/or drawings and description for prior approval.
9．協(xié)議有效期
Validity of Agreement
本協(xié)議經(jīng)雙方簽字后生效，有效期為_________天，自_________至_________。若一方希望延長本協(xié)議，則須在本協(xié)議期滿前1個(gè)月書面通知另一方，經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商決定。
若協(xié)議一方未履行協(xié)議條款，另一方有權(quán)終止協(xié)議。
This Agreement， after its being signed by the parties concerned， shall remain in force for _________ days from _________ to _________ If either Party wishes to extend this Agreement， he shall notice， in writing， the other party one month prior to its expiration. The matter shall be decided by the agreement and by consent of the parties hereto. Should either party fail to implement the terms and conditions herein， the other party is entitled to terminate this Agreement.
10．仲裁
Arbitration
在履行協(xié)議過程中，如產(chǎn)生爭議，雙方應(yīng)友好協(xié)商解決。若通過友好協(xié)商達(dá)不成協(xié)議，則提交中國國際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)對(duì)外貿(mào)易仲裁委員會(huì)，根據(jù)該會(huì)仲裁程序暫行規(guī)定進(jìn)行仲裁。該委員會(huì)的決定是終局的，對(duì)雙方均具有約束力。仲裁費(fèi)用，除另有規(guī)定外，由敗訴一方負(fù)擔(dān)。
All disputes arising from the execution of this Agreement shall be settled through friendly consultations. In case no settlement can be reached， the case in dispute shall then be submitted to the Foreign Trade Arbitration Commission of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade for arbitration in accordance with its provisional rules of procedure. The decision made by this Commission shall be regarded as final and binding upon both parties. Arbitration fees shall be borne by the losing party ，unless otherwise awarded.
11．其他條款
Other Terms & Conditions
（1）甲方不得向經(jīng)銷地區(qū)其他買主供應(yīng)本協(xié)議所規(guī)定的商品。如有詢價(jià)，當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)給乙方洽辦。若有買主希望從甲方直接訂購，甲方可以供貨，但甲方須將有關(guān)銷售確認(rèn)書副本寄給乙方，并按所達(dá)成交易的發(fā)票金額給予乙方_________％的傭金。
Party A shall not supply the contracted commodity to any other buyer(s) in the above mentioned territory. Direct enquiries， if any， will be referred to Party B. However， should any other buyers wish to deal with Party A directly， Party A may do so. But party A shall send to Party B a copy of Sales Confirmation and give Party B _________% commission on the basis of the net invoice value of the transaction(s)concluded.
（2）若乙方在_________月內(nèi)未能向甲方提供至少_________訂貨，甲方不承擔(dān)本協(xié)議的義務(wù)。
Should Party B fail to pass on his orders to Party A in a period of _________ months for a minimum of _________， Party A shall not bind himself to this Agreement.
（3）對(duì)雙方政府間的貿(mào)易，甲方有權(quán)按其政府的授權(quán)進(jìn)行有關(guān)的直接貿(mào)易，而不受本協(xié)議約束。乙方不得干涉此種直接貿(mào)易，也無權(quán)向甲方提出任何補(bǔ)償或傭金要求。
For any business transacted between governments of both Parties， Party A may handle such direct dealings as authorized by Party A's government without binding himself to this Agreement. Party B shall not interfere in such direct dealings nor shall Party B bring forward any demand for compensation therefrom.
（4）本協(xié)議受簽約雙方所簽訂的銷售確認(rèn)條款的制約。
This Agreement shall be subject to the terms and conditions in the Sales Confirmation signed by both parties hereto.
12．本協(xié)議于_________年_________月_________日在_________簽訂，正本兩份，甲乙雙方各執(zhí)一份。
This Agreement is signed on _________ at _________ and is in two originals；each Party holds one.
承租方（以下簡稱乙方）：Lessee （hereinafter called party B）
雙方當(dāng)事人根據(jù)《合同法》及其他有關(guān)規(guī)定，經(jīng)雙方協(xié)商一致，訂立如下協(xié)議，
以資共同信守。
According to Contract Law of PRC and other regulations， the two parties through consultation hereby agree upon，and shall be bound by，the following terms：
第一條 甲方出租的廠房位于杭州******工業(yè)園區(qū)一號(hào)廠房，一至二層及辦公用房。
Article 1： The leasing item is the no.1 workshop from the first floor to the second floor and some offices located in******* District of Hangzhou.
第二條 租賃期限共**年。租賃從*****年9月1日至*****年8月30日止。
Article 2：Lease term is five years from September 1， 2007 to August 30， 2012.
第三條 一號(hào)廠房一至二層面積共計(jì)________平方米。每平方米租金為_______元人民幣每年。辦公用房共計(jì) 平方米，年租金為__________元人民幣。租金合計(jì)為 元人民幣每年。
Article 3： The area of the no.1 workshop from the first floor to the second floor is square meters the rent of which is per square meter every year.The area of offices is square meters the rent of which is yuan in RMB.The above rent adds up to RMB ________yuan a year.
第四條 租金全年共計(jì) 元人民幣，平均每月為_________元。
Article 4 ：The rent is RMB yuan per year and RMB _________yuan per month on average.
第五條 乙方必須按時(shí)向甲方繳納租金，先支付后使用，第一次租金支付方式：本協(xié)議簽訂之日起三日內(nèi)付一季度租金。
Article 5： Party B should pay rent to party A at the prescribed time before putting into use. The rent of the first three months shall be paid within 3 days from the day on which this agreement is reached.
第六條 其余需租賃的廠房面積按實(shí)際使用結(jié)算。
Article 6： The rent and other fees of the rest factory premises if used are paid according to the actual area which is used.
第七條 乙方用電容量應(yīng)控制在每平方米_______以內(nèi)，用水量應(yīng)控制在 噸/月。
以此范圍內(nèi)，乙方按__________元/千瓦/小時(shí)按月向甲方繳納電費(fèi)，水電費(fèi)乙方應(yīng)在每月30日前向甲方繳納。
在此范圍以外，乙方承擔(dān)因超出范圍用水、電所產(chǎn)生的一切后果，并賠償甲方因此造成的損失。如未給甲方造成損失的，則超出部分水電費(fèi)及罰款乙方按政府有關(guān)部門的規(guī)定繳納。
乙方使用的電費(fèi)按國家電價(jià)規(guī)定每月按實(shí)支付給甲方。
Article 7： Power utilization shall be within the electric capacity of ________
every square meter， utilization of water should be within ________tons every month.
Within the above scope， party B pays the electricity bills every month by the rate of RMB yuan KWH（kilowatt-hour） which shall be paid at the latest on every 30th.
Beyond the scope ，then party B shall undertake all the responsibilities and make up the loss of party A which is caused by overuse of power and water .If party A suffers no disadvantageous result from it， then party B pays the fines， the charge of water and electricity by the regulations of related government departments.
The charge of power that party B pays party A according to the national standard every month is settled to his actual usage.
第八條 相關(guān)費(fèi)用的承擔(dān)情況
Article 8：Regulations about other fees
1、乙方每月承擔(dān)保安費(fèi)1000元（人民幣）。
1， Party B undertakes a fee of RMB 1000 yuan monthly for ensuring public security.
2、乙方使用的自來水費(fèi)按實(shí)結(jié)算，每月支付甲方。
2， The charge of water is settled and paid to the actual usage each month.
3、甲方廠區(qū)內(nèi)的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生、綠化養(yǎng)護(hù)等公共事業(yè)費(fèi)乙方每月應(yīng)承擔(dān)400元。
3， Party B pays party A RMB 400 yuan monthly as the fees for the public affairs such as maintenance of the environment and hygiene in party A‘s factory as well as landscaping .etc.
4、乙方在
合同期內(nèi)員工可在甲方食堂用餐，伙食費(fèi)按甲方食堂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)收取，每月結(jié)算一次。
4， In case the workers and staff of party B have dinner in party A‘s mess hall， meal cost is settled and paid monthly to the mess hall’s standard.
5、為了加強(qiáng)廠房的管理，由物業(yè)管理部門按各企業(yè)的廠房面積收取租金、水電費(fèi)、門衛(wèi)分?jǐn)傎M(fèi)等。
5，F(xiàn)or the management of industrial park ， the related property management department will take the fees of rent， water & electricity and the fees for ensuring public security. etc.
第九條 甲方負(fù)責(zé)園區(qū)內(nèi)的環(huán)境衛(wèi)生、門衛(wèi)、保衛(wèi)及水、電戶外設(shè)施保養(yǎng)，維修等事務(wù)。廠房電梯（貨梯）三至四樓使用時(shí)應(yīng)保證乙方租賃的廠房電梯的正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。
Article 9： Party A is responsible for the maintenance of environment and hygiene in the industrial park， safeguard， facilities of water ，power outside . etc.
The elevators in the leasing items shall run smoothly when the people on the third or fourth floors are using them.
第十條 乙方在廠房內(nèi)安裝設(shè)備或堆放貨物，不得超過樓面設(shè)計(jì)負(fù)載 500 kg/m？。乙方對(duì)房屋的使用和裝修必須符合消防、環(huán)保、治安、防疫等方面的要求，按規(guī)定配置設(shè)施。
租賃期間不得擅自改變房屋的使用性質(zhì)和結(jié)構(gòu)。乙方對(duì)房屋的使用和裝修在消防、安全、防疫、環(huán)保等方面有特殊要求的，或國家對(duì)此有特別規(guī)定的，乙方應(yīng)事先向政府有關(guān)部門申報(bào)批準(zhǔn)，對(duì)原廠房進(jìn)行改造所產(chǎn)生的全部費(fèi)用由乙方承擔(dān)。
Article 10 ： Party B shall not install equipments or pile goods over 500 kilos per square meter in the leasing items .The use and decoration of the house shall comply with the requirements of fire control ，environmental protection ，public security and epidemic prevention etc.
Party B shall not change the usage and construction of the leasing items .If party B has special requirements or the government has special regulations ， party B shall first apply for approval from related government departments .If permitted ，then all the expenses of reformation or improvement will be undertaken by party B .
第十一條 乙方的財(cái)產(chǎn)應(yīng)參加保險(xiǎn)，并做好防盜、保安、防火防災(zāi)工作，對(duì)乙方因被盜、搶以及火災(zāi)等事故或不可抗力（如地震、洪水等）所產(chǎn)生的任何損失，均由乙方自行承擔(dān)，與甲方及物業(yè)管理公司無涉。
Article 11：Party B‘s should cover insurance for his property， and take proper measures to guard against theft， fire and ensure public security .In case of accidents ， robbery， fire.etc or force majeure（like earthquake， flood……etc.）， party B undertakes the loss by himself not party A or the related property management department.
第十二條 乙方全權(quán)承擔(dān)所屬員工出現(xiàn)的違法違規(guī)和其它糾紛責(zé)任，當(dāng)乙方的設(shè)備、人員在園區(qū)發(fā)生損失和事故時(shí)，由乙方全權(quán)承擔(dān)處理及損失責(zé)任，一律與甲方無涉。
Article 12： Party B shall be responsible for the illegal conducts of his employees and other responsibilities of disputes with other parties. Party B shall undertake all the responsibilities and the loss in case any loss or accidents occur in party B‘ industrial park.
第十三條 如因乙方使用不當(dāng)造成房屋或設(shè)施損壞的，乙方應(yīng)立即負(fù)責(zé)修復(fù)或予以經(jīng)濟(jì)賠償。
Article 11 ：In case of damage of house and equipment caused by party B ，he shall make repairs immediately or bear the compensation accordingly.
甲方維修房屋及其輔助設(shè)施，應(yīng)提前七天書面
通知乙方，乙方應(yīng)積極協(xié)助和配合。
Article 13： Party A shall inform party B in written notice seven days in advance in case he intends to maintain the leasing items or auxiliary facilities ， party B should cooperate readily.
第十四條 乙方如需要對(duì)房屋進(jìn)行改造或增擴(kuò)設(shè)備時(shí)，應(yīng)事先征得甲方的書面同意，并按規(guī)定向有關(guān)部門辦理報(bào)批手續(xù)后，方可進(jìn)行。
Article 14： If party B intends to carry on reformation of the houses or add equipments， he shall inform party A in advance to get written approval， and apply to the concerning departments before starting the procedure.
第十五條租賃期內(nèi)，甲方如需要轉(zhuǎn)讓或抵押該房屋，當(dāng)產(chǎn)權(quán)發(fā)生變更時(shí)，甲方（或新業(yè)主）仍要繼續(xù)執(zhí)行原合同，具體手續(xù)由甲方負(fù)責(zé)。Article 15： within the leasing term， if party A intends to transfer the leasing items or mortgage. party A（or new owner） shall still continue to carry out this original contract and carry out the related procedures.
第十六條 租賃期內(nèi)，如遇國家或當(dāng)?shù)卣蚪ㄔO(shè)或開發(fā)需要，廠房拆遷時(shí)，乙方無條件終止本協(xié)議，預(yù)收部分租金全額退還，其余一切損失由乙方自行負(fù)責(zé)。
Article 16：In the leasing term， if the central government or local government needs to make construction or development， this contract shall terminate， party A gives back the rent and deposit received in advance ， other related loss shall be undertaken by party B.
第十七條 租賃期內(nèi)，乙方有下列行為之一的，甲方有權(quán)單方面終止本協(xié)議，收回該房屋，沒收乙方租賃保證金并采取水、電停等強(qiáng)制性辦法。由此而造成甲方損失的，乙方應(yīng)予以賠償。
Article 17： In the leasing period， in case of one of the following conducts by party B， party A has the right to terminate this contract， take back the leasing items and confiscate the deposit and stop supply of water and power etc. Party B shall pay for any compensation for this.
1、擅自改變本合同規(guī)定的租賃用途，或利用該房屋進(jìn)行違法違章活動(dòng)的。
2、未經(jīng)甲方同意，擅自拆改變房屋結(jié)構(gòu)，或損壞房屋，且經(jīng)甲方書面通知，在限定時(shí)間內(nèi)仍未糾正并修復(fù)的。
3、未經(jīng)甲方同意，擅自將房屋轉(zhuǎn)租、轉(zhuǎn)讓、轉(zhuǎn)借他人或調(diào)換使用的。
4、未經(jīng)甲方同意，拖欠租金累計(jì)壹個(gè)月以上且不繳納滯納金的，拖欠水電費(fèi)壹個(gè)月以上的。
1， Changing the usage of leasing prescribed in the contract or carry on illegal activities.
2， Without party A‘s approval ，changing the structure of the leasing items without authorization. Or causing damages to the items and having not recovered it within the ordered time after getting written notice from party A.
3， Without the approval from party A， subleasing ，transferring the lease items or making subtenancy， transpose.
4， Without the approval from party A， delaying in payment of rent for more than one month ，meanwhile refusing to pay belated payment. Or delaying in payment for charge of water or power more than one month .
第十八條甲方應(yīng)按合同簽訂的出租日期將出租的房屋交乙方使用。如甲方逾期不交房屋的，則每逾期一天應(yīng)向乙方支付租金雙倍的違約金。 Article 18： Party A shall hand over the leasing items to party B on the date as prescribed in this contract ，oth[！]erwise giving twice of the rent as liquidated damages by the day.
第十九條 乙方逾期交付租金及物業(yè)管理費(fèi)，除如數(shù)補(bǔ)交外，按日支付逾期租金款項(xiàng)的萬分之四的滯納金，逾期交付水電費(fèi)等其他費(fèi)用的，按逾期交納款項(xiàng)的千分之一支付滯納金。
Article 19： In case of delay in paying rent or fees of property management beyond the prescribed period， party B shall undertake belated payment 4/10000 more of rent by the day. For fees of power or water， it shall be 1/1000 more by the day.
第二十條 租賃期間，甲方提前收回房屋的，甲方應(yīng)按即時(shí)月租的租金向乙方支付十二個(gè)月的違約金。相反乙方未經(jīng)甲方同意中途擅自退租的，乙方應(yīng)按即時(shí)月租金向甲方支付十二個(gè)月的違約金。
Article 20： In case party A takes back the leasing items before prescribed time and party A shall pay 12 times as much as the rent then and there as compensation .On the contrary ，in case party B quit the contract and move out of the leasing items before the prescribed time， he shall also pay 12 times as much as the rent then and there as compensation.
第二十一條 租賃期滿，甲方有權(quán)收回全部出租房屋。乙方如需繼續(xù)租用的，應(yīng)提前三個(gè)月向甲方提出書面意向，經(jīng)甲方同意后，重新簽訂
租賃合同，如續(xù)租，乙方在同等條件下享有優(yōu)先租用權(quán)。
Article 21： Upon expiration date of this contract， party A has the right to take back all leasing items .If party B intends to continue to rent ， he shall inform party A in written form three months in advance. After confirmation by party A ，the contract can be renewed. Under the same condition， Party B has the priority to continue the contract to other civil parties.
第二十二條 租賃期滿，乙方應(yīng)如期歸還該房屋，如乙方逾期不歸還的，則每逾期一天應(yīng)向甲方支付原日租金雙倍的違約金。
Article 22： Upon expiration of this contract， party B shall return the leasing items according to the prescribed time. In case party B fails to do so， then party B shall pay twice as much rent as the prescribed rent by the day as penalty .
第二十三條 租賃期滿或乙方原因提前終止協(xié)議，乙方租賃范圍內(nèi)的室內(nèi)外裝璜除企業(yè)之間的隔斷外均可自行拆除，但廠房內(nèi)需清理干凈，便于下一個(gè)企業(yè)入駐。
Article 23： In case of expiration of this contract or party B terminates the contract before the prescribed time， party B has the right to remove the decoration except the partition（Something that separates or holds apart） .Party B shall arrange and tidy up the leasing items so that the next leaseholder or enterprise moves in.
第二十四條 任何一方在本合同有效期內(nèi)及合同結(jié)束后不得向第三方泄露本合同有關(guān)內(nèi)容。
Article 24： No party shall give away the contents of the contract to the third party whether before or after the expiration of the contract.
第二十五條任何一方在本合同有效期內(nèi)及本合同結(jié)束后均不得向第三方泄露在簽訂和履行本合同過程中獲得的另一方面任何商業(yè)秘密。Article 25： Each party shall keep the business secret whether before or after the expiration of the contract which is obtained from the other party during the course of conclusion or performance of this contract.
第二十六條 因履行本合同發(fā)生的爭議，由當(dāng)事人協(xié)商解決，協(xié)商不成的，可依法向人民法院。
Article 26 ： Any disputes arising from the contract shall be solved through consultation. In case no resolution is reached， either party can bring a lawsuit before the court.
第二十七條 本合同未盡事宜，經(jīng)甲、乙雙方協(xié)商一致，可訂立補(bǔ)條款。補(bǔ)充條款與本協(xié)議具有同等法律效力。
Article 27： In case of any thing not covered here，supplementary clauses will be formed which have the same effect as the those in this contract.
第二十八條 雙方約定的其他事項(xiàng)（見附件）。
Article 28： Other items that both parties agree on（see the enclosure）
第二十九條 本合同及附件經(jīng)雙方簽字蓋章后生效，一式四份（兩份中文；兩份英文），甲、乙雙方執(zhí)中、英文合同各一份。
Article 29： This contract and its enclosure come into effect upon both parties‘ signature， with 4 copies（two copies in Chinese， two copies in English）， each party keeps one copy each in either language.
出租方（蓋章）： 承租方（蓋章）：
法定代表人（簽名）： 法定代表人（簽名）：
委托代表人（簽名）： 委托代表人（簽名）：
簽約地點(diǎn)：
簽約時(shí)間：2007年9月1日
Lessor（stamp or signature）：
Legal Representative （signature）：
Entrusted representative （signature）：
Lessee （stamp or signature）：
Legal Representative （signature）：
Entrusted representative （signature）：
Place of signature：
關(guān)鍵詞：商務(wù)英語；英文合同；用詞習(xí)慣
一、引言
合同是國家之間進(jìn)行貿(mào)易的工具由于語言的障礙，中國企業(yè)簽訂的涉外合同大多是用中文文本，但為了方便外方合同當(dāng)事人的閱讀，常常會(huì)有一個(gè)英文版本，只不過會(huì)在合同中注明：如果兩個(gè)版本不一致，以中文版本為準(zhǔn)（Chinese version shall prevail）。但是，隨著中外經(jīng)濟(jì)的交流日益廣泛和深入，越來越多的國外強(qiáng)勢(shì)企業(yè)會(huì)要求以英文版本為準(zhǔn)，甚至不提供中文版本。這就要求國內(nèi)英文專業(yè)的學(xué)生，尤其是商務(wù)英文專業(yè)的學(xué)生，要加強(qiáng)對(duì)英文合同特點(diǎn)的了解，積累相應(yīng)的知識(shí)，以增強(qiáng)自己的擇業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文僅從詞匯的角度分析英文合同的用詞特點(diǎn)，力求對(duì)商務(wù)英語的教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)有所裨益。
二、英文合同的常用詞
由于合同的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，合同語言往往顯得比較繁瑣，一些在其他文體中很少見的詞匯，可能會(huì)成為合同英語的常用詞。這些詞大致可以分為如下類型：
（一）修飾性的詞匯，主要是副詞
這類詞主要是由here、there、where等副詞分別加上after、by、in、of、on、to、under、upon、with等副詞構(gòu)成。對(duì)于這些詞，大體上可以遵循“從后朝前看這個(gè)詞”的方法獲得這種詞匯的含義，如herein，可以理解為in here。當(dāng)然，這只是從意思的理解上可以這樣，從語法上講，介詞in放在here前面是說不通的；另外，也并不是所有的詞都可以這樣理解。比如：hereinadv.：在此，在此處（in this）。
例：The price quoted herein is based on CIF Odense with 3% commission。此報(bào)價(jià)均是CIF歐登塞，包括3%傭金。
hereinadv.：其中；在那點(diǎn)上；在那里（in that particular context；in that respect）。
例：You are responsible for all of the information contained therein。你對(duì)包含在里面的所有信息負(fù)責(zé)。
therebyadv.：因此；從而；由此。
例：The arbitration award shall be final and binding for the Parties and the Parties agree to be bound thereby and shall act accordingly。仲裁裁決是終局的，對(duì)雙方都有約束力，雙方有義務(wù)遵守且履行。
其他還有：hereby：茲，特此；以此；由此。
Thereby：因此；從而；由此。
Hereof：關(guān)于這個(gè)，在本文中（在表示上文已經(jīng)提及的“本合同的……”時(shí)使用）。
Thereof：由此，因此；屬于它的，關(guān)于它的。
Hereto：關(guān)于這個(gè)，于此。
Thereto：到那里，向那里。
Hereinafter：以下，在下文（通常與 to be referred to as，referred as，called 連用）。
Thereafter：此后。
Herewith：與此，附此。
Therewith：以此；此外。
Hereunder：本文件規(guī)定。
（二）由于合同這種文體所需要的詞匯
合同是當(dāng)事人之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事權(quán)利義務(wù)關(guān)系的協(xié)議。合同這種法律文件在文體上的特點(diǎn)，一是需要明確簽訂合同的當(dāng)事人的具體信息，比如注冊(cè)地、法定代表人、授權(quán)代表人等；二是將合同內(nèi)容安排在章、條、款、項(xiàng)之下，這一方面使合同條理清晰，另一方面也使引用條款使時(shí)更加方便、清楚。表達(dá)這些內(nèi)容的一些詞匯是合同這種文體所特有的詞匯，在基礎(chǔ)英語中常常很難見到，所以需要留心。如Registered office：注冊(cè)地（or：Registered place）。
Legal Representative：法定代表人。
Authorized Representative：授權(quán)代表人。
Domicile：住所地。
Main place of business主營業(yè)地（or：principal place of business）。
Chapter/article（or：section/clause）/paragraph/sub paragraph：章、條、款、項(xiàng)。
對(duì)于法律中經(jīng)常使用的“款”，很多人都不太明白?！翱睢痹凇皸l”的下面，一般一個(gè)段落就是一款，所以這里用“paragraph”表示“款”就比較好理解了。有時(shí)候，某一段落下又有分行排列的、有編號(hào)的小條，這仍屬于這一段，故只能算一款。
（三）由于合同內(nèi)容所決定的常用詞匯
合同是為了確定當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利義務(wù)以及違反義務(wù)的責(zé)任，因此合同用語都比較正式、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。相應(yīng)地，有一些專門的常用詞匯反映出合同的這一特點(diǎn)。
1、“鑒于”（whereas）。為了內(nèi)容的完整、全面、邏輯嚴(yán)密，合同中常用“鑒于”引出一些內(nèi)容，用于敘述合同當(dāng)事人簽約的背景、當(dāng)事人已經(jīng)進(jìn)行的工作等，這個(gè)“鑒于”用Whereas。如果這些內(nèi)容很多，則可以使用數(shù)個(gè)whereas，每一個(gè)內(nèi)容都可以在whereas引導(dǎo)下獨(dú)立成段。
2、“以資證明”（in witness whereof）。合同結(jié)尾處、當(dāng)事人簽章之前，常常喜歡使用“以資證明”、“特此為證”等詞匯，相應(yīng)的英語表達(dá)為in witness whereof，有時(shí)會(huì)使用in testimony thereof或in witness thereof。
3、“包括但不限于”（including but not limited to）。合同常常需要列舉一些事項(xiàng)，但常常又無法窮盡所有可能的存在，為了嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，常常就使用“包括但不限于”，相應(yīng)地，英文是這樣表達(dá)的：including but not limited to或including，without limitation。
4、日期（date）。日期在合同中非常重要，因此合同中常有“從某日起”、“不遲于”等表述，這類詞一般有：on and after（從某日起）、on or before（不遲于，或用not later than/no later than）。需要注意的是after與on單獨(dú)使用時(shí)的差異，當(dāng)翻譯“……到后，就……”時(shí)，用介詞on（或upon），而不用after，因?yàn)閍fter表示“之后”的時(shí)間不明確，比如，to be paid on/upon arrival of the goods（貨到付款）。另外，合同中涉及日期時(shí)常用“在某月某日之前”，如果包括所寫日期時(shí)，就用介詞by；如果不包括所寫日期，即指到所寫日期的前一天為止，就要用介詞before，如The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee by August 20。賣方須在8月20日前交貨（賣方在8月20日交貨不算違約）。The vendor shall deliver the goods to the vendee before August 20。賣方須在8月20日前交貨（因不包括8月20日，所以賣方在8月20日交貨即屬于違約）。
三、英文合同的習(xí)慣用詞
英語合同逐漸形成了其用詞習(xí)慣，這也是合同英語不同于基礎(chǔ)英語的一個(gè)地方。
如合同中經(jīng)常會(huì)用到“根據(jù)”、“按照”等詞，英文用的最多的是in accordance with，pursuant to/subject to/in compliance with也經(jīng)常用，或者就直接用under，但不常用according to。
“停業(yè)”用“wind up a business”或“cease（名詞是cessation）a business”，而不用“end/stop a business”。
“因?yàn)椤钡亩陶Z多用“by virtue of”或“owing to”，一般不用“because of”。
“財(cái)務(wù)年度末”一般用“at the close of the fiscal year”，而不用“in the end of the fiscal year”。
“在……之前”一般用“prior to”，而不用“before”。
“關(guān)于”常用“as regards/in respect of/with respect to /concerning”或“relating to”，而不會(huì)用“about”。
“事實(shí)上”用“in effect”，而不用“in fact”。
“開始”用“commencement”，而不用“start”或“begin”。
“停止做”用“cease to do”，而不用“stop to do”。
“何時(shí)開會(huì)并由某某主持”的表述為：The meeting shall be convened and presided by sb。其中“召開”不用“hold 或call”，而用“convene”；“主持”不用“chair”或“be in charge of”，而用“preside”。
“其他事項(xiàng)”用“miscellaneous”，而不用“other matters/events”。
“理解合同”用“construe a contract”或“comprehend a contract”，而不用“understand a contract”。
“認(rèn)為”用“deem”多，用“consider”少，不用“think”或“believe”。
“愿意做”用“intend to do”或“desire to do”，而不用“want to do”，“wish to do”。
在用英語起草合同時(shí)要注意使用英語合同的習(xí)慣用詞。使用非習(xí)慣用詞并非意味著錯(cuò)誤，但使用英文合同習(xí)慣用詞可使合同顯得更加地道，更能符合英語國家法律專業(yè)人士的閱讀習(xí)慣。英語合同的習(xí)慣用詞遠(yuǎn)不止此，很多詞匯需要在實(shí)踐中積累。
四、英文合同常用的專業(yè)詞匯
合同英語屬于法律英語，因其常有法律專業(yè)詞匯。英文合同經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的專業(yè)詞匯有：
要約與承諾：offer and acceptance。
權(quán)利、義務(wù)、責(zé)任：rights/obligations /liability（liabilities）。
違約、違約方：breach of contract/the breaching party。
遲延履行、不履行：delay performance/fail to perform。
不可抗力：force majeure。
合同的解除：rescission of a contract/to rescind a contract。
合同的終止：termination of a contract/to terminate a contract。
違約金：default penalty。
訴諸（法院）：seek recourse to（or：resort to）。
上述詞匯只是在通常的英文合同中常見的，在一些專業(yè)性很強(qiáng)的合同中，如國際貿(mào)易合同、國際衍生交易協(xié)議等，還有更多的專業(yè)詞匯，如臨時(shí)支付申請(qǐng)（interim application for payment）、總訂單（blanket order）、現(xiàn)貨訂單（sport order）、托收單（collection order）、裝運(yùn)說明（shipping instructions）、守約利率（non-default rate）等等，大量的專業(yè)詞匯也是需要平時(shí)在實(shí)踐中積累的。
五、小結(jié)
合同往往是法律性很強(qiáng)的文件，因此英文合同的用詞必然要照顧到法律的特點(diǎn)。由于法律的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，英語在用于表述合同時(shí)便形成了其詞匯特點(diǎn)。首先，英文合同中會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些在基礎(chǔ)英語中很難見到的詞匯，這些詞是由于合同的特點(diǎn)決定的；其次，在合同英文的長期發(fā)展過程中，合同英文還逐漸發(fā)展出其用詞習(xí)慣，例如用“cease to do”而不用“stop to do”等等；最后，英文合同中還會(huì)出現(xiàn)大量的法律專業(yè)詞匯，這些詞匯增加了一般人閱讀合同的難度。
對(duì)于商務(wù)英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生來說，掌握一些合同英文的用詞特點(diǎn)、掌握一些英文合同的專用法律詞匯，對(duì)于將來起草、閱讀、理解英文合同會(huì)有巨大幫助。
參考文獻(xiàn)：
1、王輝.英文合同解讀[M].法律出版社,2007(1).
2、傅偉良.英文合同寫作指要[M].商務(wù)印書館,2002.
3、杜金榜.中國法律語言學(xué)展望[M].對(duì)外經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易大學(xué)出版社,2007.
4、李蕾.外經(jīng)貿(mào)合同的語言特點(diǎn)及篇章結(jié)構(gòu)[J].成都大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版),1998(2).
5、莫再樹.商務(wù)合同英語的文體特征[J].湖南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2003(3).
6、李郁,張琳.論涉外合同英語的突破[J].商業(yè)研究,2003(9).
[關(guān)鍵詞] 合同法律文件復(fù)雜句翻譯
我國與世界各國雙邊貿(mào)易日趨頻繁，使得合同翻譯成為一項(xiàng)必不可少的工作程序。合同是當(dāng)事人之間設(shè)立、變更、終止民事法律關(guān)系的協(xié)議。因此，合同翻譯至關(guān)重要，其內(nèi)容直接影響合同雙方的利益。如何做好合同法律文件的翻譯，保證中方的利益不因合同文本的翻譯而招致?lián)p失越發(fā)具有現(xiàn)實(shí)的意義。其中，由于合同的嚴(yán)肅，嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，嚴(yán)密性，導(dǎo)致復(fù)合句的應(yīng)用較多，而結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句的翻譯恰是保證整體翻譯效果和準(zhǔn)確性的關(guān)鍵。
一、要翻譯好結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，首先要了解商務(wù)英文合同的句式特點(diǎn)
商務(wù)合同作為一種實(shí)用文體，在詞匯使用方而具有與其他文體不同的特，如用詞正式規(guī)范，大量使用商務(wù)術(shù)語、法律術(shù)語及其他具有法律語言特點(diǎn)的正式詞語。因而商務(wù)合同的翻譯要求譯者具有一定的專業(yè)知識(shí)。在句式結(jié)構(gòu)方面，商務(wù)合同也與其他文體迥異。商務(wù)合同英語常不以易于理解為目的，大量使用復(fù)合句。究其根源，還是源于商務(wù)合同英語的文體屬性。作為法律文書，商務(wù)合同規(guī)定各方當(dāng)事人的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，合同文字的表達(dá)必須完整、細(xì)致、嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、明晰。而英語的復(fù)合句，可以包含多個(gè)從句。從句之間的關(guān)系可能包容、限定，也可能并列平行，因此，在合同中較多使用復(fù)合句能夠?qū)⒏鞣降臋?quán)利和義務(wù)在有限的條款中完整明確地體現(xiàn)出來，確保合同句子結(jié)構(gòu)的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)性，以及文意的嚴(yán)密、細(xì)致。但是復(fù)合句中往往包含若干從句、修飾語等等，有時(shí)會(huì)顯得臃腫、晦澀，無疑會(huì)增加理解英文合同的難度，與此同時(shí)也增加了合同翻譯的難度。
二、要掌握商務(wù)英文合同復(fù)合句的翻譯方法
商務(wù)合同中英文復(fù)合句的出現(xiàn)頻率高，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，邏輯性強(qiáng)，無疑給譯者增添了許多困難，但是，無論多長的句子，多么復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們都是由一些基本的成分組成的。只要弄清了合同原文的句法結(jié)構(gòu)，找出整個(gè)句子的中心內(nèi)容及各層意思，然后分析各層意思之間的邏輯關(guān)系，再按漢語的特點(diǎn)和表達(dá)方式組織譯文就可以保證合同翻譯的準(zhǔn)確性。合同復(fù)合句的分析方法具體要遵循以下步驟：首先，譯者要找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，即句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)，其次，要找出句子中所有的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語結(jié)構(gòu)、介詞短語和從句的引導(dǎo)詞，然后再分析從句和短句的功能，即：是否是主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句或狀語從句等，以及詞、短語和從句之間的關(guān)系。最后，分析句子中是否有固定搭配，插入語等其他成分。
例1：
If a Party breaches any of the representations or warranties given by it in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18.2, then in addition to any other remedies available to the other party under this contract or underApplicableLaws,itshallindemnifyandkeep indemnified the other Party and the company against any losses,damages,costs,expenses,liabilities and claims that such Party or the Company may suffer as a result of such breach.
分析：
第一步，拆分句子：
此長句可拆分為四個(gè)意義段，分別是
1)If a Party breaches …in Articles 18.1 or repeated in 18. 2
2)then in addition to …Applicable laws
3）it shall indemnify and …costs,expenses,liabilities and claims
4)that such Party or …as a result of suchbreach.
第二步，句子的結(jié)構(gòu)分析：
1.句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是主語（It）+（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形）（shall indemnify and keep indemnified…against）+賓語（the other Party and the Company）。
2.“if”引導(dǎo)的是條件從句，條件句的賓語部分跟隨后置定語（given by it in Articles 18. 1 or repeated in 18. 2）。
3.“in addition to”引導(dǎo)的是增補(bǔ)成分，其核心詞remedies也跟了后置定語（available to the otherPartyunderthiscontract orunderApplicablelaws）。
4.而“that”引導(dǎo)的則是后置定語修飾緊鄰的五個(gè)名詞。
5.固定結(jié)構(gòu)“indemnify sb. Against …”使某人不受……
根據(jù)以上分析，以及漢語的行文習(xí)慣（條件在前.結(jié)果在后，以及定語在所修飾的核心詞之前），以上條款可翻譯為:如果一方違反任何其根據(jù)第18．1條或18．2條所做的陳述及擔(dān)?；蛑厥?，則另一方除根據(jù)本合同或相關(guān)法律尋求任何可能的救濟(jì)之外，違約方應(yīng)當(dāng)賠償另一方或合營公司因此種違反而招致的任何損失、損害、費(fèi)用、開支、責(zé)任或索賠。
在對(duì)長句進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，商務(wù)合同長句具體翻譯方法又可細(xì)分為二種:即，順序法、逆序法和分譯法。
(1)順序法。所謂順序法就是按照原文的順序組織譯文。在商務(wù)合同中，當(dāng)英語長句陳述的是一連串的動(dòng)作并按發(fā)生的時(shí)間安排或邏輯關(guān)系排列時(shí)，此類長句與漢語的表達(dá)方式較一致，可按原文的順序譯出。
例2：
In the event that the Company's operations are reduced substantially from the scale of operation originally anticipated by the parties,or the Company experience substantial and continuing losses resulting in negative retained earnings not anticipated by the Parties in the agreed Business Plan, or in any other circumstance permitted under Applicable Laws or agreed by the Parties,the Parties may agree to reduce the registered capital of the Company on a pro rata basis.
上述句子的邏輯關(guān)系非常清楚，即：三個(gè)假設(shè)條件，一個(gè)結(jié)論，表達(dá)順序與漢語一致。因此，可按照原文的語序進(jìn)行翻譯。參考譯文:如果合營公司的經(jīng)營規(guī)模比雙方原來預(yù)期的規(guī)模有大幅度縮減，或合營公司持續(xù)遭受嚴(yán)重虧損，導(dǎo)致雙方商定的業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃中所未預(yù)期的盈余保留負(fù)數(shù)，或在任何相關(guān)法律允許或雙方一致同意的情況下，雙方可以協(xié)議按原有出資比例減資。
(2)逆序法。所謂逆序法就是逆著原文的順序翻譯。在商務(wù)合同中，有些英語長句的表達(dá)次序與漢語習(xí)慣不同，甚至語序完全相反。因此，根據(jù)漢語的習(xí)慣，譯者必須從原文句子的后面譯起。 由于譯文句子的前后與原文句子的前后相比，有倒置現(xiàn)象，因此，逆序法又稱為“倒置法”。
例3：
The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods due toForceMajeure,whichmightoccurduringtheprocess of manufacturing or in the course of loading or transit。
這里原文的行文方式是把信息的重心放在句首，先表明賣方的免責(zé)事項(xiàng)（The Seller shall not be responsible for the delay of shipment or non-delivery of the goods)，接著再規(guī)定由于什么原因引起的不能交貨或延遲交貨才會(huì)免責(zé)( due to Force Majeure)。而對(duì)不可抗力又做了限定（which might occurduringtheprocessofmanufacturingorinthecourse of loading or transit）。而按照漢民族的思維習(xí)慣往往是先談原因再講結(jié)論。因此翻譯時(shí)譯者應(yīng)采用逆序的方法將原文表示免責(zé)條件的“duetoForceMajeure,whichmight…ofloadingortransit” 移到句首。再者, 英語中的非限制性定語從句（即本句中的which might occur... of loading or transit）翻譯成中文時(shí)要么仍翻譯成定語放在所修飾的詞之前，要么處理為別的成分。根據(jù)以上分析，原文可翻譯為：凡在制造或裝船運(yùn)輸過程中，因不可抗力致使賣方不能或推遲交貨時(shí)，賣方不負(fù)責(zé)任。
(3)分譯法。分譯法就是將原文一個(gè)句子分成幾個(gè)句子來翻譯，或者將其中某個(gè)較長的修飾成分單獨(dú)翻譯成一句或幾句。這是由于在商務(wù)合同中有些句子過長，又含有多層意思，而主句和從句或主句與修飾語之間的關(guān)系又不十分緊密，如果采用一個(gè)漢語句子對(duì)原文進(jìn)行翻譯，容易導(dǎo)致句義混亂，這種情況下，譯者可以把長句中的從句或短語化為句子分開來翻譯。這樣做也符合漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣，同時(shí)也可以使句子意思表達(dá)得更清楚明了。
例4:
EitherPartymayterminate thecontract incase of failure on the part of the other Party to fulfill or perform any of its obligations hereunder and in the event that such failure remains unremediedsixty （60） days after the service of a written noticeas described in Article X below by the non-defaulting Party to the other Party specifying the failure in question andrequiring it to be remedied.
原文是商務(wù)合同中有關(guān)期限和終止的條款，按照先講結(jié)論，即合同任一方具有的權(quán)利（Either Party may terminate the contract）然后再列舉實(shí)施此權(quán)利的條件（in case of failure ... and in the eventthat ...）的順序行文，而漢民族的行文習(xí)慣往往是先條件后結(jié)論，所以譯文在整體上應(yīng)采用逆序法。但，即：違約行為60天內(nèi)未改正，60天是從無責(zé)任方書面通知送達(dá)之日算起，書面通知中無責(zé)任方已指出對(duì)方違約行為并要求其改正等等。如不對(duì)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分解，則可能導(dǎo)致句義混亂。因此，翻譯此句時(shí)應(yīng)采用拆譯法，以期將原文意思表述清楚。參考譯文:如果一方未完成或未履行其在本合同項(xiàng)下的任何義務(wù)，而且未按照下述第X條規(guī)定在另一方向其送達(dá)書面通知，指出其違約行為并要求其予以改正后六十(60)天內(nèi)，其仍未子以改正，另一方則可以終止本合同。
商務(wù)英文合同為了在有限的條款中完整、明確地表達(dá)合同各方的權(quán)利和義務(wù)，大量使用信息包涵量大的復(fù)雜長句，給譯者造成一定困難。但不管遇到何種類型的長句，譯者都可在對(duì)原句進(jìn)行分析的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)漢語行文習(xí)慣，采用順序法、逆序法，以及分譯法或同時(shí)采用幾種方法的方式，準(zhǔn)確翻譯原文。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]張新紅等:商務(wù)英語翻譯(英譯漢)［M］.北京:高等教育出社，2003
[2]傅偉良:合同法律文件翻譯談[J].中國翻譯，2002,(5)
銷售合同SALES CONTRACT
賣方SELLER:DESUN TRADING CO., LTD.HUARONG MANSION RM2901 NO.85 GUANJIAQIAO,NANJING 210005, CHINATEL: 0086-25-4715004 FAX: 0086-25-4711363編號(hào)NO.:NEO20xx026日期DATE:Feb. 28, 20xx地點(diǎn)SIGNED IN:NANJING, CHINA買方BUYER:NEO GENERAL TRADING CO.P.O. BOX 99552, RIYADH 22766, KSATEL: 00966-1-4659220 FAX: 00966-1-4659213買賣雙方同意以下條款達(dá)成交易：This contract Is made by and agreed between the BUYER and SELLER , in accordance with the terms and conditions stipulated below.
1. 品名及規(guī)格Commodity & Specification2. 數(shù)量Quantity3. 單價(jià)及價(jià)格條款Unit Price & Trade Terms4. 金額AmountCFR DAMMAM PORT, SAUDI ARABIAABOUT 1700 CARTONS CANNED MUSRHOOMS PIECES & STEMS 24 TINS X 425 GRAMS NET WEIGHT (D.W. 227 GRAMS) AT USD7.80 PER CARTON.ROSE BRAND.1700CARTONSUSD7.80USD13260.00Total:1700CARTONSUSD13260.00允許With
溢短裝，由賣方?jīng)Q定More or less of shipment allowed at the sellers’ option
5. 總值Total ValueUSD THIRTEEN THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED AND SIXTY ONLY.6. 包裝PackingEXPORTED BROWN CARTON7. 嘜頭Shipping MarksROSE BRAND178/20xxRIYADH8. 裝運(yùn)期及運(yùn)輸方式Time of Shipment & means of TransportationNot Later Than Apr.30, 20xx BY VESSEL9. 裝運(yùn)港及目的地Port of Loading & DestinationFrom : SHANGHAI PORT, CHINATo : DAMMAM PORT, SAUDI ARABIA10. 保險(xiǎn)InsuranceTO BE COVERED BY THE BUYER.11. 付款方式Terms of PaymentThe Buyers shall open through a bank acceptable to the Seller an Irrevocable Letter of Credit payable at sight of reach the seller 30 days before the month of shipment, valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the date of shipment.12. 備注RemarksThe BuyerThe SellerNEO GENERAL TRADING CO.DESUN TRADING CO., LTD.(signature)(signature)
承租方（乙方）Lessee （hereinafter referred to as Party B） ：
根據(jù)國家有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和有關(guān)規(guī)定，甲、乙雙方在平等自愿的基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)友好協(xié)商一致，就甲方將其合法擁有的房屋出租給乙方使用，乙方承租使用甲方房屋事宜，訂立本合同。
In accordance with relevant Chinese laws 、decrees and pertinent rules and regulations ，Party A and Party B have reached an agreement through friendly consultation to conclude the following contract.
一、 物業(yè)地址 Location of the premises
甲方將其所有的位于上海市_________區(qū)____________________________________的房屋及其附屬設(shè)施在良好狀態(tài)下出租給乙方___________使用。
Party A will lease to Party B the premises and attached facilities all owned by Party A itself， which is located at _______________________________________ __________________________ and in good condition for_____________ .
二、 房屋面積 Size of the premises
出租房屋的登記面積為_________平方米（建筑面積）。
The registered size of the leased premises is_________square meters （Gross size）。
三、 租賃期限 Lease term
租賃期限自_______年___月___日起至_______年___月___日止，為期___年，甲方應(yīng)于_______年___月___日將房屋騰空并交付乙方使用。
The lease term will be from _____（month） _____（day） _______（year） to ________（month） _____（day） _______（year）。 Party A will clear the premises and provide it to Party B for use before _____（month） _____（day） _______（year）。
四、 租金 Rental
1. 數(shù)額：雙方商定租金為每月人民幣_(tái)____________元整， 乙方以___________形式支付給甲方 .
Amount： the rental will be ____________per month. Party B will pay the rental
to Party A in the form of ____________in ________________.
2. 租金按_____月為壹期支付；第一期租金于_______年_____月_____日以前付清；以后每期租金于每月的______日以前繳納，先付后?。ㄈ粢曳揭詤R款形式支付租金，則以匯出日為支付日，匯費(fèi)由匯出方承擔(dān)）。甲方收到租金后予書面簽收。
Payment of rental will be one installment everymonth（s）。 The first installment will be paid before_______（month）______（day）__________（year）。 Each successive installment will be paid_____________each month.
Party B will pay the rental before using the premises and attached facilities （In case Party B pays the rental in the form of remittance， the date of remitting will be the day of payment and the remittance fee will be borne by the remitter.） Party A will issue a written receipt after receiving the payment.
3. 如乙方逾期支付租金超過十天，則每天以月租金的0.5%支付滯納金；如乙方逾期支付租金超過十五天，則視為乙方自動(dòng)退租，構(gòu)成違約，甲方有權(quán)收回房屋，并追究乙方違約責(zé)任。
In case the rental is more than ten working days overdue， Party B will pay 0.5 percent of monthly rental as overdue fine every day， if the rental be paid 15 days overdue， Party B will be deemed to have with drawn from the premises and breach the contract. In this situation， Party A has the right to take back the premises and take actions against party B's breach.
五、 保證金 Deposit
1. 為確保房屋及其附屬設(shè)施之安全與完好，及租賃期內(nèi)相關(guān)費(fèi)用之如期結(jié)算，乙方同意于______年_____月_____日前支付給甲方保證金人民幣 _________元整，甲方在收到保證金后予以書面簽收。
Guarantying the safety and good conditions of the premises and attached facilities and account of relevant fees are settled on schedule during the lease term， party B will pay _________to party A as a deposit before _____（month） _____（day） _______（year）。 Party A will issue a written receipt after receiving the deposit.
2. 除合同另有約定外，甲方應(yīng)于租賃關(guān)系消除且乙方遷空、點(diǎn)清并付清所有應(yīng)付費(fèi)用后的當(dāng)天將保證金全額無息退還乙方。
Unless otherwise provided for by this contract， Party A will return full amount of the deposit without interest on the day when this contract expires and party B clears the premises and has p
aid all due rental and other expenses.
3. 因乙方違反本合同的規(guī)定而產(chǎn)生的違約金、損壞賠償金和其它相關(guān)費(fèi)用，甲方可在保證金中抵扣，不足部分乙方必須在接到甲方付款通知后十日內(nèi)補(bǔ)足。
In case party B breaches this contract， party A has right to deduct the default fine， compensation for damage or any other expenses from the deposit . In case the deposit is not sufficient to cover such items， Party B should pay the insufficiency within ten days after receiving the written notice of payment from Party A.
六、 甲方義務(wù) Obligations of Party A
1. 甲方須按時(shí)將房屋及附屬設(shè)施（詳見附件）交付乙方使用。
Party A will provide the premises and attached facilities （see the appendix of furniture list for detail） on schedule to Party B for using.
2. 房屋設(shè)施如因質(zhì)量原因、自然損耗或?yàn)?zāi)害而受到損壞，甲方有修繕并承擔(dān)相關(guān)費(fèi)用的責(zé)任。
In case the premise and attached facilities are damaged by quality problems， natural damages or disasters， Party A will be responsible to repair and pay the relevant expenses.
3. 甲方應(yīng)確保出租的房屋享有出租的權(quán)利，反之如乙方權(quán)益因此遭受損害，甲方應(yīng)負(fù)賠償責(zé)任。
Party A will guarantee the lease right of the premises. Otherwise， Party A will be responsible to compensate Party B's losses.
七、 乙方義務(wù) Obligations of Party B
1. 乙方應(yīng)按合同的規(guī)定按時(shí)支付定金、租金及保證金。
Party B will pay the rental， the deposit and other expenses on time.
2. 乙方經(jīng)甲方同意，可在房屋內(nèi)添置設(shè)備。租賃期滿后，乙方將添置的設(shè)備搬走，并保證不影響房屋的完好及正常使用。
Party B may decorate the premises and add new facilities with Party A's approval. When this contract expires， Party B may take away the added facilities which are removable without changing the good conditions of the premises for normal use.
3. 未經(jīng)甲方同意，乙方不得將承租的房屋轉(zhuǎn)租或分租，并愛護(hù)使用該房屋如因乙方過失或過錯(cuò)致使房屋及設(shè)施受損，乙方應(yīng)承擔(dān)賠償責(zé)任。
Party B will not transfer the lease of the premises or sublet it without Party A's approval and should take good care of the premises. Otherwise， Party B will be responsible to compensate any damages of the premises and attached facilities caused by its fault and negligence.
4. 乙方應(yīng)按本合同規(guī)定合法使用該房屋，不得擅自改變使用性質(zhì)。乙方不得在該房屋內(nèi)存放危險(xiǎn)物品。否則，如該房屋及附屬設(shè)施因此受損，乙方應(yīng)承擔(dān)全部責(zé)任。
Party B will use the premises lawfully according to this contract without changing the nature of the premises and storing hazardous materials in it. Otherwise， Party B will be responsible for the damages caused by it
5. 乙方應(yīng)承擔(dān)租賃期內(nèi)的水、電、煤氣、電訊、收視費(fèi)、等一切因?qū)嶋H使用而產(chǎn)生的費(fèi)用，并按單如期繳納。
Party B will bear the cost of utilities such as communications， water， electricity， gas， management fee etc. on time during the lease term.
八、 合同終止及解除的規(guī)定 Termination and dissolution of the contract
1. 乙方在租賃期滿后如需退租或續(xù)租，應(yīng)提前兩個(gè)月通知甲方，由雙方另行協(xié)商退租或續(xù)租事宜。在同等條件下乙方享有優(yōu)先續(xù)租權(quán)。
Within two months before the contract expires， Party B will notify Party A if it intends to extend the leasehold. In this situation， two parties will discuss matters over the extension.
2. 租賃期滿后，乙方應(yīng)在當(dāng)天將房屋交還甲方；任何滯留物，如未取得甲方諒解，均視為放棄，任憑甲方處置，乙方?jīng)Q無異議。
When the lease term expires， Party B will return the premises and attached facilities to Party A within days. Any belongings left in it without Party A's previous understanding will be deemed to be abandoned by Party B. In this situation， Party A has the right to dispose of it and Party A will raise no objection.
3. 本合同一經(jīng)雙方簽字后立即生效；未經(jīng)雙方同意，不得任意終止，如有未盡事宜，甲、乙雙方可另行協(xié)商。
This contract will be effective after being signed by both parties. Any party has no right to terminate this contract without another party's agreement. Anything not covered in this contract will be discussed separately by both parties
九、 違約及處理 Breach of the c
ontract
1. 甲、乙雙方任何一方在未征得對(duì)方諒解的情況下，不履行本合同規(guī)定條款，導(dǎo)致本合同中途中止，則視為該方違約，雙方同意違約金為人民幣_(tái)__________元整，若違約金不足彌補(bǔ)無過錯(cuò)方之損失，則違約方還需就不足部分支付賠償金。
During the lease term， any party who fails to fulfill any article of this contract without the other party's understanding will be deemed to breach the contract. Both parties agree that the default fine will be________________. In case the default fine is not sufficient to cover the loss suffered by the faultless party， the party in breach should pay additional compensation to the other party.
2. 若雙方在執(zhí)行本合同或與本合同有關(guān)的事情時(shí)發(fā)生爭議，應(yīng)首先友好協(xié)商；協(xié)商不成，可向有管轄權(quán)的人民法院提訟。本合同一經(jīng)雙方簽字后立即生效；未經(jīng)雙方同意，不得任意終止，如有未盡事宜，甲、乙雙方可另行協(xié)商。
Both parties will solve the disputes arising from execution of the contract or in connection with the contract through friendly consultation. In case the agreement cannot be reached， any party may summit the dispute to the court that has the jurisdiction over the matter.
十、 其他 Miscellaneous
1. 本合同附件是本合同的有效組成部分，與本合同具有同等法律效力。
Any annex is the integral part of this contract. The annex and this contract are equally valid.
2. 本合同壹式貳份，甲、乙雙方各執(zhí)一份。
There are 2 originals of this contract. Each party will hold 1 original（s）。
3. 甲、乙雙方如有特殊約定，可在本款另行約定：
Other special terms will be listed bellows：
______________________________________________
甲 方：Party A
乙方：Party B
